I. Nylon 66: ci gaba mai girma cikin buƙata, babban ikon yin maye gurbin shigo da kaya

1.1 Nailan 66: Babban aiki, amma ba albarkatun kasa masu dogaro da kai ba

Nylon shine sunan gama gari don polyamide ko PA.Tsarin sinadaransa yana da alaƙa da kasancewar ƙungiyoyin amide masu maimaitawa (-[NHCO] -) akan babban sarkar kwayoyin halitta.Akwai nau'ikan nailan da yawa, waɗanda za'a iya raba su zuwa aliphatic PA, aliphatic-aromatic PA da aromatic PA bisa ga tsarin monomer, wanda aliphatic PA yana da yawa, ana samarwa da yawa kuma ana amfani dashi a aikace-aikace da yawa, musamman ma. nailan 6 da nailan 66 a cikin nailan na aliphatic.

Naylon yana da kyawawan kaddarorin zagaye-zagaye, gami da kaddarorin inji, juriya na zafi, juriya na abrasion, juriyar sinadarai da lubrication ɗin kai, kuma yana da ƙarancin juzu'i, wasu jinkirin wuta da sarrafawa cikin sauƙi.Duk da haka, nailan kuma yana da lahani kamar yawan sha ruwa, raguwar zafi, sauƙi nakasar samfurori da matsaloli a cikin rushewa, wanda ke buƙatar gyara a cikin amfani don inganta aikin gabaɗaya.

Akwai manyan amfani guda uku don nailan: 1) yarn nailan: ana iya haɗa shi ko zalla a cikin magunguna daban-daban da samfuran saƙa.Nailan filaments galibi ana amfani da su a cikin masana'antar saƙa da siliki, kamar saƙa monofilament, safa na siliki na roba da sauran nau'ikan safa na nailan safa, sarons nailan, gidan sauro, yadin da aka saka, nailan nailan na waje, siliki iri-iri na nailan ko siliki iri-iri. samfuran siliki masu tsaka-tsaki.Yawancin zaruruwan nailan ana haɗe su da ulu ko wasu zaruruwan sinadarai don yin sutura iri-iri masu wuyar sawa.2) Yadin nailan na masana'antu: A masana'antu, ana amfani da nailan da yawa don kera igiyar taya, zanen masana'antu, igiyoyi, bel na jigilar kaya, tantuna, gidajen kamun kifi da sauransu. A cikin aikin soja, ana amfani da shi ne da parachute da sauran kayayyakin parachute.(3) Injiniyan robobi: ana sarrafa su zuwa samfura iri-iri don maye gurbin ƙarfe, ana amfani da su sosai a cikin masana'antar kera motoci da sufuri.Abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su sune na'urorin famfo, ruwan fanfo, kujerun bawul, bushings, bearings, bangarori daban-daban na kayan aiki, kayan lantarki na mota, bawul ɗin kwandishan mai zafi da sanyi da sauran sassa.

Nailan da aka fi amfani da shi shine nailan 6 da nailan 66, kodayake ayyukansu da wuraren aikace-aikacen suna da babban jeri, amma in mun gwada da magana, nailan 66 ya fi ƙarfi, juriya mai kyau, ji mai daɗi, mafi kyawun aikin gabaɗaya, amma gatsewa, ba sauƙin launi ba. Farashin ya fi nailan 6. Nailan 6 ba shi da ƙarfi, mai laushi, juriya ya fi muni fiye da nailan 66, lokacin da ake fuskantar ƙananan yanayin zafi a cikin hunturu, mai sauƙi ya zama gaggautsa, farashin sau da yawa ƙasa da nailan 66, mai tsada.Farashin yana sau da yawa ƙasa da na nailan 66, yana sa ya fi tasiri.Saboda haka, nailan 6 yana da ƙarin fa'idodi a cikin filin farar hula, kuma nailan 66 yana da ƙarin fa'ida a cikin siliki na masana'antu da filin filastik injiniya, musamman a cikin al'ada na nailan 66 a cikin filin kera, ana iya amfani da nailan 66 a cikin al'amuran da yawa. fiye da naylon 6.

Dangane da tsarin samarwa da buƙatu, nailan 6 da nailan 66 su ma sun bambanta sosai.Da farko dai, girman kasuwar nailan 6 ya fi na nailan 66 girma, inda ake ganin bukatar nailan guda 6 a kasar Sin ya kai tan miliyan 3.2 a shekarar 2018, idan aka kwatanta da tan 520,000 na nailan 66. Ban da haka kuma, nailan 6 na kasar Sin da na sama. albarkatun kasa na caprolactam suna dogaro da kansu, tare da wadatar kai na nailan 6 ya kai sama da 91% da caprolactam 93%;duk da haka, yawan wadatar kai na nailan 66 shine kawai 64%, yayin da dogaro da shigo da albarkatun albarkatun kasa na sama ya kai 100%.Daga mahangar musanya shigo da kayayyaki, iyawar canjin shigo da kayayyaki a cikin sarkar masana'antar nailan 66 a bayyane yake ya fi na nailan 6. Wannan rahoto ya mayar da hankali kan yuwuwar tasirin samarwa, buƙatu da fasaha na nailan 66 da albarkatun sa na sama. , adiponitrile, akan ilimin halittu na masana'antu.

Ana samun Nylon 66 daga polycondensation na adipic acid da adipic diamine a cikin rabon molar 1:1.Adipic acid gabaɗaya ana samar da shi ta hanyar hydrogenation na benzene mai tsabta sannan oxidation tare da nitric acid.Fasahar samar da adipic acid a kasar Sin tana da matukar girma kuma tana da karfin da ya wuce kima.

A shekarar 2018, bukatu na adipic acid a kasar Sin ya kai tan 340,000 kuma abin da aka samar a kasar ya kai tan 310,000, tare da yawan wadatar kai sama da kashi 90%.Duk da haka, samar da masana'antu na hexamethylene diamine kusan gaba ɗaya ya dogara ne akan hydrogenation na adiponitrile, wanda a halin yanzu ana shigo da shi cikin kasar Sin, don haka masana'antar nailan 66 gaba ɗaya tana ƙarƙashin ƙattai na adiponitrile na waje.Idan akai la'akari da kasuwancin da ke gabatowa na fasahar adiponitrile na cikin gida, mun yi imanin cewa maye gurbin adiponitrile da aka shigo da shi zai haifar da canje-canje mai zurfi a cikin masana'antar nailan 66 a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.

1.2 Nailan 66 wadata da buƙatu: oligopoly da babban dogaro da shigo da kaya

A bayyane yake cin nailan 66 a China ya kai ton 520,000 a cikin 2018, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 23% na yawan amfanin duniya.Injin robobi sun yi lissafin kashi 49%, yarn masana'antu don 34%, yarn farar hula don 13% da sauran aikace-aikacen 4%.Injin robobi sune mafi girma a ƙasa na nailan 66, tare da kusan 47% na nailan 66 robobin injiniyoyi da ake amfani da su a cikin masana'antar kera motoci, sannan lantarki da lantarki (28%) da jigilar jirgin ƙasa (25%).

Motoci na ci gaba da zama babban direban buƙatun nailan 66, tare da ƙara mai da hankali kan ingancin mai da rage hayakin abin hawa yana fitar da fifiko ga robobi masu nauyi fiye da karafa a zaɓin kayan da masana'antun kera motoci ke yi.Nylon 66 wani abu ne mai nauyi mai nauyi tare da kyawawan kaddarorin thermal, yana mai da shi mashahurin zaɓi ga masana'antun kera motoci kuma ana amfani da shi a cikin aikace-aikacen sarrafa wutar lantarki da yawa.Jakunkuna na iska kuma babban yanki ne na aikace-aikacen nailan 66 filaments na masana'antu.Ana tsammanin buƙatu mai yawa daga masana'antar kera ke haɓaka haɓakar kasuwar nailan 66.

Nylon 66 kuma ana amfani da shi a cikin samar da lantarki da lantarki insulating sassa, daidai da lantarki kayan gyara, lantarki lighting, shinkafa dafa abinci, lantarki hoovers, high mita lantarki abinci heaters, da dai sauransu Nylon 66 kuma yana da kyau kwarai juriya ga soldering da aka yadu amfani a cikin. samar da akwatunan junction, switches da resistors.Hakanan ana amfani da nailan 66 mai ɗaukar harshen wuta wajen samar da shirye-shiryen waya na menu, masu riƙewa da kullin mayar da hankali.

Layukan dogo sune yanki na uku mafi girma na aikace-aikacen robobin injiniyoyi na nailan 66.Gilashin fiber ƙarfafa nailan 66 yana da ƙarfi, haske, sawa mai juriya, juriya mai lalata, mai sauƙin ƙirƙira, wanda aka gyara don ƙarfafawa, yanayin yanayi da rufi, kuma ana ƙara yin amfani da shi a cikin babban layin dogo da masana'antar metro.

Masana'antar nailan 66 tana da halaye na oligopoly na yau da kullun, tare da samar da nailan 66 a duniya galibi an tattara su a manyan masana'antu irin su INVISTA da Shenma, don haka shingen shiga yana da girma, musamman a cikin sashin albarkatun kasa na sarkar masana'antu.A bangaren bukata, ko da yake ci gaban masana'antun masaka da kera motoci na duniya da na kasar Sin zai ragu a shekarar 2018-2019, amma a cikin dogon lokaci mun yi imanin cewa karuwar karfin amfani da jama'a da karuwar mallakar mota ga kowa da kowa zai iya haifar da hakan. ɗaki mai yawa don buƙatun kayan sakawa da motoci.Ana sa ran Nylon 66 zai ci gaba da samun ci gaba cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa, kuma idan aka yi la'akari da tsarin samar da kayayyaki a halin yanzu, akwai yalwar damar sauya shigo da kayayyaki a kasar Sin.